On-farm evaluation of measures to monitor and control soybean pod-borer Etiella zinckenella in East Java,Indonesia

The incidence levels of moths and larvae of Etiella zinckenella were studied in the reproductive stage of soybean at eight farmers' field sites. A positive relationship was found between moths, caught by sweeping during flowering and pod-formation, and seed damage. Hence, rough predictions of damage can be made based on moth catches. Damage incidence was recorded in unsprayed plots and in plots sprayed with deltamethrin during flowering and pod-formation. Spraying did not affect the densities of moths and larvae or damage to pods and seeds. Larvae of H. armigera, Spodoptera litura and Plusiinae were not affected by spraying, but the pod-sucking bug Riptorus linearis, and two groups of predators, spiders and coccinellids, were reduced.     

马铃薯晚疫病发生预报及防治建议

2008年-2011年,黑龙江省依安县马铃薯的晚疫病连续发生。尤其是2011年,由于7月份天气高温、潮湿,马铃薯的晚疫病超出常年平均值20%～30%,严重影响了马铃薯的产量和质量,给农业收入带来严重影响,因此,该疫情的防治尤为重要。     

饲料营养价值评定方法进展

饲料营养价值评定是动物营养研究的基本方法手段,也是建立饲料数据库,为工业饲料产品的研发和生产、畜禽养殖提供基本参数的主要手段。随着分析检验和动物试验设备装备水平的提高、试验方法的进步,饲料营养价值评定方法得到了进一步的改进。文章对饲料营养价值评定采用的新方法与传统方法进行综述。     

Effect of timing of precommercial thinning on the consumption of working time in Picea abies stands in Finland

The effect of the timing of precommercial thinning on the productivity of work was examined in young Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] stands in southern Finland. The common problem of large variation between sample plots in time studies was avoided by introducing a new approach based on a combination of stand measurements, tree-ring analysis and existing work productivity functions. The results indicated that a 2 year delay in the precommercial thinning of a stand was enough to cause an increase of 10-42% in the consumption of working time at a mean height of 1.5-3.1 m. At a later thinning, at a mean height 4.1-7.2 m, the increase was 8-24%. The development of the stand up to the first commercial thinning was not significantly influenced by a 2 year delay in the late precommercial thinning.     

A qualitative risk-based assessment of impacts on marine habitats and harvested species for a data deficient wild capture fishery

Fisheries management in most areas of the world is concerned with the effects of resource exploitation on the broad marine environment that includes all major ecological components. However, all fisheries lack some information about many of these components particularly marine habitats and non-target species. Such data deficiencies make it difficult to identify priorities for management action. Qualitative ecological risk assessment is one tool that can be used by management to prioritise and evaluate management strategies. This paper demonstrates the mechanics of a qualitative ecological risk assessment applied to a currently operating data deficient commercial fishery. In particular, we demonstrate how the method applies to two distinct ecological components – marine habitats and harvested species – and shows how it contributed to the formation of management responses. The method combines biological and ecological information about each component with knowledge on the operations of the fishery. Using pre-defined decision rules and criteria the available information is used in a rigorous, transparent and repeatable manner. The paper demonstrates that the method can be used generally to apply to all ecological components of a marine fishery where data is deficient.     

The fat that matters: Soil food web analysis using fatty acids and their carbon stable isotope signature

Chemical taxonomy based upon the composition of lipids is widely applied to investigate microbial communities and fatty acids have recently been employed to connect soil microbial and faunal food webs as well as to elucidate functional groups at higher trophic levels. The additional use of compound-specific isotopic analysis of ¹³C/¹²C ratios in fatty acids allows assessing specific trophic links and belowground carbon fluxes. In this review systematic patterns and processes underlying variations in the composition of fatty acids and their ¹³C/¹²C ratio are described. The emphasis is on biomarker fatty acids, their incorporation and modification, effects of pool size, and analytical methods. Further development of the application of fatty acid profiling to soil ecology should include both advances in experimental research and growth of theory. Accordingly, areas in which future experimentation can lead to progress in soil food web analysis are identified. Overall, combining fatty acid biomarker and their isotopic ratios will allow detailed insight into belowground trophic interactions.     

基于直觉模糊IFWA算子的水利工程总承包交易模式选择研究

针对水利工程总承包交易现状,分析研究了3种经典工程总承包交易模式,并根据现实需要将其进行细分。构建选择指标体系,提出在水利工程总承包交易模式的选择实践中运用直觉模糊决策法代替传统的模糊综合评价法,并利用 集成算子将决策信息转化为精确实数,对备选方案进行排序。最后,通过算例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

城镇生态功能区划研究——以任县为例

生态功能区划是根据区域生态环境要素、生态环境敏感性与生态服务功能空间分异规律,将区域划分成不同生态功能区的过程。以任县为例,对区划目标、区划原则、生态功能区划的衔接、功能区划因子的选择、区划方法和区划结果等方面进行研究。     

乐果液相色谱与气相色谱检测方法的比较

摘 要：【研究目的】通过应用液相色谱法（HPLC）和气相色谱法（GC）对乐果测定的参数进行比较,为乐果检测方法的选择提供参考。【方法】分别应用气相色谱和高效液相色谱法对乐果检测条件进行优化,对这两种测定方法的灵敏度、线性相关性、稳定性及添加回收率的等参数测定结果进行比较。【结果】用液相色谱法测定乐果最低检测限为0.01mg/L,比用气相色谱法（最低检测到0.1mg/L）测定时有更高的灵敏度;HPLC检测（r＝0.9990）较GC（r＝0.9937）有更好的线形相关性;在乐果浓度低于0.1mg/L时,用液相色谱法对乐果进行测定有很好的稳定性,在浓度高于0.1mg/L,两种测定方法的稳定性相当。【结论】用液相色谱法测定乐果完全可以达到农药登记残留试验准则的要求,它比气相色谱法更适合乐果的微量及常量的检测。     

现代居住区绿化景观设计基本原则

现代居民区生态景观营造越来越受人们关注。文章阐述了居住区绿化的构成要素、发展趋势及基本原则,可供居住区园林设计者参考。